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Group Fortification Lorraine
The ', renamed Group Fortification Lorraine after 1919, is a military installation near Metz. It is part of the second fortified belt of forts of Metz and had its baptism of fire in late 1944, when the Battle of Metz occurred.
== Historical context ==
During The Annexation, Metz, will oscillate between a German garrison of between 15,000 and 20,000 men at the beginning of the period〔René Bour, ''Histoire de Metz'', 1950, p. 227.〕 and will exceed 25,000 men just before the First World War,〔''L’Express'', no 2937, du 18 au 24 octobre 2007, dossier « Metz en 1900 », Philippe Martin.〕 gradually becoming the first stronghold of the German Reich.〔François Roth : ''Metz annexée à l’Empire allemand'', in François-Yves Le Moigne, ''Histoire de Metz'', Privat, Toulouse, 1986, (p.350).〕 The ' complete the Second fortified belt of Metz composed of Festen Wagner (1904-1912), Crown Prince (1899 - 1905), Leipzig (1907–1912), empress (1899-1905), Lorraine (1899-1905), Freiherr von der Goltz (1907-1916), Haeseler (1899-1905), Prince Regent Luitpold (1907-1914) and Infantry-Werk Belle-Croix (1908-1914).
Built in the early XXnd century, the group fortification becomes part of a wider program of fortifications called " Moselstellung", encompassing fortresses scattered between Thionville and Metz in the valley Moselle. The aim of Germany was to protect against a French attack to take back Alsace-Lorraine from the German Empire. The fortification system was designed to accommodate the growing advances in artillery since the end of XIXis century. Based on new defensive concepts, such as dispersal and concealment, the fortified group was to be, in case of attack, an impassable barrier for French forces.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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